The Annals of the Cakchiquels

Annals of the Cakchiquels

1Here I am going to write a few of the sayings of our earliest fathers and ancestors, those who begot men of old, before the hills and plains here were inhabited ; then only rabbits and birds were here, they say, when they took possession of the hills and plains, they, our Others and ancestors from Tulan, oh my children.

2And I shall write the sayings of our earliest fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz the name of one, Zactecauh the name of the other ; and these are the sayings they spake as we came from the other side of the sea, from the land of Tulan, where we were brought forth and begotten by our mothers and our fathers, oh my children, as said of old the fathers, the ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh by name, the two heroes who came from Tulan and begot us, the Xahila.

3These are the names of the houses and clans of Gekaquch, Bagahola and Cibakihay. i. Qatun and Qhutiah by name, begat Bagahola. 2. Tzanat and Guguchom by name, begat those of Gekaquch. 3. The chief Daqui and the chief Ghahom begat those of Cibakihay. Thus we were four clans when we came from Tulan, we, the Cakchiquel people, as we are told, oh my children. Those of Cavek, Totomay and Xurcah by name, also married and begat ; also those of Quehay, Loch and Xet by name, married and begat; those of Pak, Telom, Qoxahil and Qobakil by name, also married and begat; and also those of Ykomag married; and these four divisions which thus married are the tribes so-called.

4These are the sayings of Gagavitz and Zactecauh, and these are the very words which Gagavitz and Zactecauh spoke : " Four men came from Tulan ; at the sunrise is one Tullan, and one is at Xibalbay, and one is at the sunset ; and we came from this one at the sunset ; and one is where is God. Therefore there are fourTuians, they say, oh our sons ; from the sunsetting we came, from Tullan, from beyond the sea; and it was at Tullan that arriving we were brought forth, coming we were produced, by our mothers and our fathers, as they say. ;. "And now is brought forth the Obsidian Stone by

5is made by the Maker, the Creator ; the Obsidian Stone was his sustainer, when man was made in misery, and when man was formed ; he was fed with wood, he was fed with leaves ; he wished only the earth ; he could not speak, he could not walk ; he had no blood, he had no flesh; so say our fathers, our ancestors, oh you my sons. Nothing was found to feed him ; at length something was found to feed him. Two brutes knew that there was food in the place called Paxil, where tliese brutes were, the Coyote and the Crow by name. Even in the refuse of maize it was found, when the brute Coyote was killed as he was separating his maize, and was searching for bread to knead, (killed) by the brute Tiuh Tiuh by name ; and the blood of the serpent and the tapir was brought from within the sea by means of Tiuh Tiuh, with which the maize was to be kneaded ; the flesh of man was formed of it by the Maker, the Creator; and well did they, the Maker and the Creator, know him who was born, him who was begotten ; they made man as he was made, they formed man as they made him, so they tell. There were thirteen men, fourteen women ; they talked, they walked, they had blood, they had flesh. They married, and one had two wives. Therefore the race copulated, this race of old, as they tell, oh our sons. They brought forth daughters, they brought forth sons, those Stone was made, for the enclosure of Tullan ; thus we

6came to where the Zotzils were at the gates of Tullan ; arriving we were born, coming we were produced, coming we gave the tribute, in the darkness, in the night, oh our sons." Thus spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh, oh my sons, and what they said has not been forgotten. They are our great ancestors ; these are the words with which they encouraged us of old.

7Then we were ordered to come by our mothers and fathers, we the thirteen divisions and the seven tribes, the thirteen divisions of warriors; and we came to Tulan in the darkness and the night, and coming gave our tribute ; they took tribute from the warriors of the seven tribes; they were drawn up in order on the left of Tulan where were the people of the seven tribes ; on the right-hand of Tulan were arranged the warriors. First the tribute was taken from the seven tribes, next the tribute was taken from the warriors. But it was only jade and silver, and green feathers worked and sewed together, together with articles painted and articles sculptured, and for gifts, flutes, songs, astrological calendars and reckoning calendars, fine and common cacao ; only such riches were paid in Tulan, and the only riches the warriors bore from Tulan were their bows, their bucklers and their rounded shields.

8Then to our mothers and fathers it was commanded and said : " You, my sons, you, my daughters, these are your burdens which you shall sustain and maintain." So spoke the Obsidian Stone. " There are your hills and plains ; there, beyond the ocean, are your hills and plains, oh you my sons, there it is that you shall lift up your &ces. These are the burdens which I shall give you, your riches, your majesty;" thus it was said to the thirteen divisions, the seven tribes, to the thirteen divisions of warriors, and then was given them the wood and stone which deceive ; as they descended from Tulan and Xibalbay, were given to them the wood and stone (idols), as related those our first fathers and ancestors Gagavitz and Zactecauh. These, in truth, were their burdens, and these were their very words.

9They say that the seven tribes arrived first at Tulan. and we the warriors foUowed, having taken up the tributes of all the seven tribes when the gate of Tulan was opened.

10The Tzutuhils were the first of the seven tribes who finished coming to Tulan, and then we the warriors came, as they say. Then it was said to our fathers and mothers, then we were commanded : " Oh, you, you my daughters, you my sons, I shall give you your riches, your majesty, I shall give you your distinction, your sovereignty, your canopy, your royal throne ; because you have carried the rounded shield as your riches, the bow, the buckler, the feathers, the war paint. If you have paid as tribute jade, silver, feather stufis, if you have paid articles painted, articles sculptured, astrological

11of you because the seven tribes paid this tribute, yet you shall in turn take it, you shall receive more than others, you shall lift up your face. I shall not give you their sovereignty, of which you have borne the burden ; truly their fortune is great ; do not hate them ; also do you be great, with wealtli of rounded shields. Sleep not, sit not, my daughters, my sons, I will give you the power, to you the seven rulers, in equal shares, and your

12reignty, your canopy, your royal seat; these are your first treasures." Thus it was spoken to the Quiche men, when the thirteen divisions of warriors arrived at Tulan. And their tribute in the first month ; then arrived their companions one after another, by their families, their clans, their tribes, their divisions, in sequence, and the warriors, until the whole of them had finished arriving in

13Those of Rabinal came, the Zotzil men came, the Tukuchee came, the Tuhalahay, the Vuchabahay, the Ahqhumilahay, the Lamagi came, the Cumatz, the men

14of Akahal came, the Tucuru ended it ; and thus all are given. After that came thirteen warriors, we the Bacah Pokoh, and the Bacah Xahil ; one of us went first, and one followed after; the first Bacah was Bacah Pok, who went first, and we followed after, we the Bacah Xahil, as was said by our first fathers, our ancestors, oh you our sons. Already the seven villages had come, and some time after began the coming of the warriors. — Then we came, we the Cakchiquel men. Truly, we were the last, as we arrived at Tulan, and there was not another remaining when we came, as said Gagavitz and Zactecauh ; we were ordered to come thus : " These are your houses, these your clans;" they said to Gekaquch, Baqahol, and Cibakihay : " These are your head chiefs, even one head chief, and one official messenger;" thus they said to Gekaquch, Baqahol, and Cibakihay. " Bring forth daughters, bring forth sons, marry one another, ye rulers," said they. Therefore those were mothers and ancestors. But the first, the first came the Cibakihay, then came the Baqahol, and then came the Gekaquch, the first clans.

15Thus, therefore, came we, the rulers, and then we were ordered by our mothers and fathers : " Go, my daughters, go, my sons, your houses, your clans, have departed. Not thus shalt thou always follow, thou, the youngest son ; truly, great shall be thy fortune, and thou shalt be maintained, as is said by the idols called, the one, Belehe Toh, the other Hun Tihax, to whom we say each pays tribijte," as is related.

16Then they put on their bows, their shields, their lances, their featfiers, and their paint, given fas a defence) against the bugs, the dirt, the boding owls, the blackness, the rain, the fogs, the clouds; then we were commanded : " Great shall be your burden ; sleep not, sit not, be not cast down, you, my sons ; you shall be rich, you shall be

17bows, your bucklers. If you have given as tribute jade, silver, feather work, hated songs, on that account they

18shall be given you ; you shall receive more than others ; you shall lift up your face ; for Jade, silver, painted articles, engraved articles, all the seven nations have paid as tribute; but there, in those hiils you shall hft up your faces, there is a refuge for all of you, there you shall lift up your faces, your bows, your bucklers. One shall be your first chief, and one his junior, of you Che thirteen warriors, you the thirteen princes, you the thirteen equal chiefs, to whom I shall give the bows and bucklers. Soon you shall lift up your face and have your burden, your bows and bucklers; there is war there toward the east, at the place called Zuyva ; there you shall go, there is the place for your bucklers which I shall give you, you indeed, you my sons." So it was spoken to us when we came to Tullan. before the warriors of the seven villages; and when we arrived at Tullan, truly our coming was terrifying, with our accompaniments against the bugs, the dirt, the clouds, the fogs, the mud, the darkness, the rain, when we entered Tulan,

19And soon the divination began with them. A bird called "the guard of the ravine," began to complain within the gate of Tulan, as we were going forth from Tulan. " You shall die, you shall be lost, I am your portent," said this brute to us. " Do you not believe me ? Truly your state shall be a sad one." Thus spake to us this brute, as is related.

20Then another bird called "the owl," seated on a red tree, complained and said thus : " I am your portent," he said. " You are not our portent, although you would like to be," we answered this owl. Such were the messengers who gave them their idols, said our fathers, our ancestors of old. Then another bird called the parroquet complained in the sky, and said : " I am your portent ; ye shall die." But we said to the brute, " Do not speak thus ; you are but the sign of spring. You wail first when ft is spring; when the rain ceases, you wail." Thus we spoke to him,

21Then we arrived at the sea coast. There were gathered together the warriors of all the seven villages at the sea. A great number perished, devoured by sorrow. " There is no means of passing, nor is it told of any one who has passed the sea," said all the warriors of the seven villages. " Who can, who will find means to pass the sea ? In thee alone, my brother, in thee alone have we hope," said they all. We said to them, " You may go on ; you may be first Who will find the means of crossing, while we are here ? " All of us spoke thus, and then all of them said : " Have pity on us, our brother, since we are all stretched on the shore of the ocean without seeing our hills and plains. As soon as we were asleep, we were conquered, we the two oldest sons, we the chiefs and guides of the warriors of the seven villages, oh my brother. Would that we had passed, and could see the burdens given us by our mothers and fathers, oh my brother!" So they spoke. At that time the Quiche nation had increased. Our ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh, said : " We said to them, ' we suffer also, our brother, we do not live stretched out on the shore of the ocean, where we cannot see our mountains where they are, as you say, oh you warriors, you people of the seven villages. We shall pass over at once. Thus we spoke ; and soon all of them rejoiced.' "

22Now there was a red tree, our stafT, which we had taken in passing from the gate of Tulan, and therefore we are *called the Cakchiquel people, oh our sons, said Gagavitz and Zactecauh. The root of this, our staff, was pushed into the sand of the sea, and soon the sea was separated from the sand, and for this the red tree served which we brought from Tulan. Soon the sand was as a line, and we passed out ; it became wide above the sea and below the sea. Then all rejoiced, when they saw sand in the sea, and many counseled together. " There indeed is our hope, we must gather together on these selves since leaving Tulan."

23They rushed forth and passed across the sand, and following one another we came to the shore of the sea, and we arrived at the edge of the water. Then ail the seven villages began to fear, and all the warriors spoke, and then the seven tribes spoke : " Do you not see our burdens? Yet it is not long since we lifted up our faces with you, ye rulers, ye warriors ; did we not come from the sun rising with you, that we might seek our hills and valleys ? Have you not seen the burden, the green feathers, the garlands ? " So spake the seven tribes, and commanded and said, " It is well," and the seven tribes took counsel what to do. Afterwards they went on to

24another place called Meahauh. There many gathered

25departed for the place called Valval Xucxuc, and there they rested. There many gathered together, and departing they arrived at the place called Tapcu Oloman.

26Then all gathered together there, and we took counsel there, said our fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh ; and it was after we had arrived there that we first unloosed ourburdens. All the warriors said : " Whom shall we make to be our head, we the masters of arms, the masters of booty, the assigners of tribute, oh thou, our younger brother, and thou, our older brother ? " So said they to us. Then we said to them : " It is but a little while that we looked to make war. and already we are prepared, our standards are ready, our burdens are loosed; they are the burdens which were given us by our mothers and fathers; here are our standards; I, I am the Sage." Thus we spoke when we unloosed our burden, our loads of maize, our standards, our paints, bows, shields, and double-headed lances.

27Thus we showed ourselves before the face of all ; our two-headed lances, our feathers, our paints; we put them all on, and we said to them, " On with you, you our younger brothers, you our elder brothers, truly this

28war IS certain, we must enter upon it, we must test our bows, our shields. It makes little difference which way we go ; choose ye the road," said we to them. " It is not for us to choose the road," said they. " Choose thou the road, thou our younger brother, thou our teacher," said they to us. Then we chose the road, and we told it to them. All of us then gathered together, and soon we met face to face a party of warriors, called those of Nonovalcat and those of Xulpit. They were on the border of the ocean ; they were there in their boats.

29Truly it was fearful, the arrow-shooting and the fighting ; but soon they were routed by us, and half the fighting was in the boats. When those of Nonovalcat and Xulpit had been routed, all the warriors spoke : " How shall we cross over the sea, our younger brother ? " they asked. And we said to them : " We shall cross in the boats, while our battle is not yet known." Then we entered into the boats of those of Nonovalcat; when we came from the east then we entered them. Truly, it was fearful in the town and houses of those of Zuyva, there in the east ; for when we entered at the furthest house, they could not understand how we had entered. Truly, it was fearful there among the houses ; truly, the noise was great, the dust was oppressive ; fighting was going on in the houses, fighting with the dogs, the wasps, fighting with all. One attack, two attacks we made, and we ourselves were routed, as truly they were in the air, they were in the earth, they ascended and they descended, everywhere against us, and thus they showed their magic and their sorcery. All the warriors, each one by himself, returned to the place, Tapcu Oloman ; we gathered together in sadness, there where we had put on our feathers, where we had adorned ourselves, oh you our children, as was related by Gagavitz and Zactecauh. When we asked each other where our salvation was, it was said to us by the Quiche men : " As it thundered and resounded in the sky, truly in the sky must our salvation be ; " so they said, and therefore the name Tohohil was given to them. The Zotzil nation said that really

30there was salvation in the mouth of an ara, and so the we said: "Truly, in the middle of the valley lies our salvation, entering there into the earth." Therefore the name was given, Chitagah. Another, who said salvation was in the water, was called Gucumatz. The Tukuche said salvation was in a town on high, so they were called Ahcicamag. The Akahals said, " We may be saved in a honeycomb," therefore they were called AkaJahay. Thus all received their names. Do not believe, however, that many were saved. Do not forget that all these names came from the east. But the Evil One scattered us abroad, said Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Thus we spoke when we turned about in our hills and valleys : " We lately took up our bows and shields, if anywhere there was war; let us now seek our hills and valleys." Thus we spoke. Then we were scattered about in many places; then we all went forth, each division its own way, each family its own way. Then a return was made to the place Valval Xucxuc, and they passed on to the places called Meme and Tacna, and they arrived at the places called Zakiteuh and Zakiquva. They went on to Mcahauh and Cutamchah, and there they turned about and came to the places called Zakihuyu and Tepacuman. Then it was they could see their own hills and vales ; and they came to Uie place called Togohil, where the Quiche men made 3 beginning. As they returned to Pantzic and Paraxon, we made a beginning, oh you our children, as said our first fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Such were the hills and vales through which we passed and turned about. " Let not the praise due us for these our words cease, nor let it be forgotten that truly to you we gave the places we passed over." Thus spoke of old our fathers and our ancestors.

31These are the places over which they passed to Popoabah, whence they descended to Qhopiytzcl, among the broken rocks, among the great trees; then they descended to Mukulicya{the hidden waters) and Molomic Chee (the stacked-up wood). There they met the Qoxahil

32and the Qobakil, as they were named, at the places called Chiyol and Chiabak, there they met them, the only survivors of the Bacah, by their magic power. When they met them, they asked and said, "'Who art thou?" Qoxahil and Qobakil answered: '"O thou our lord, do not kill us ; I am thy brother, thy elder brother. We two alone remain from the Bacah Pok and the Bacah Xahil. I am the servant of your tlirone, your sovereignty. O thou our lord." So spoke they. Then spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh : " Thou art not of our house ; thou art not of our tribe." But later it was said by the tribes : " Truly thou art our brother, our elder." They are those called Telom and Cakibak. When they went forth from Chiyol and Chiabak, twice they turned their steps and passed between the mountain ranges to the fire, to Hunahpu; and they met face to face in the spirit of the forest, the fire called Zakiqoxol. Truly, this Zakiqoxol kills many men. Truly, he is fearful, a robber, they say.

33Going on, they arrived in the middle of the woods at a fire built by one guarding the road, and it was made by Zakiqoxol. " Who are these boys whom we see?" said he. Then were sent forward the Qoxahil and the Qobakil.with their mysterious vision and magical power; they spoke when they arrived. One of them spoke, not many [at once] , as it was truly terrible to look upon, and he said : " Let us see what kind of a hideous mole are you?" So said Gagavitz and Zactecauh. Thus they Sfjoke when they saw him, and they said: "Who art thou ? We shall kill thee. Why is it that thou guardest the road here ? " So they said and spoke thus. Then he said ; " Do not kill me ; I, who am here, I am the heart of the forest," Thus he spoke, and then asked that he might clothe himself. " They shall give to thee wherewith to clothe thyself" [said they]. Then they gave him wherewith to clothe himself, a change of garment, his blood-red cuirass, his blood-red shoes, the dying raiment of Zakiqoxol. By this means he saved himself, descending into the forest. Then there was a disturbance

34among the trees, among the birds ; one might hear the trees speak and the birds call. They said, when one listened : " What is this that we hear ? Who is this ? " said they. And the branches of the trees in the forest murmured, and the tigers and birds called one to another.

35They departed thence. Once for all we shall mention the names of these various places : Belehchigag,

36Xiliviztan, Zunpancu, Tecpalan, Tepuztan. They then descended to Cholamag and Zuchitan. Truly, the language there was difficult, and the barbarians alone knew to speak their language. We inquired only of the barbarians, Loxpin and Chupichin, and we said to them

37surprised when we spoke their language to those of Cholamag, and many of them were frightened, but we received only good words.

38They went to the places, Meme and Tacna, for the second time. They could not speak well, hence the name Mem. Truly, they were good people. They spoke to mock us, and we remained to learn their language. They said to us : " Thou our lord, remain with us ; we are thy elder and younger brother ; abide with us,'* said they. They wished us to forget our speech, but our heart was as a stone when we arrived with them.

39These were also a part of the names of the places: they went to Zakiteuh and Zakiqua, the midst of Tubinal, the midst of Chacachil, Tzulahauh which reaches to the sky, the midst of Nuiixor, the midst of Moinal, the midst of Carchah. They passed over with the sons of Valil and the sons of Tzunun. They went forth from Merac and Nacxit. Truly this one (Nacxit) was a great lord, and the vassals who aided him to seize the sovereignty

40were themselves rulers and chieftains. He invested Orbaltzam, and said that his name should be Cinpiial Taxuch. Truly he finished by making himself the most dear of all men to all the warriors by the words spoken to all by this lord Nacxit: "You have come to be the stone framework, the support of my hou,se ; I will give to you sovereignty, and give you Cinpuva! Taxuch." So said he to all the warriors. " I have not placed the stones of the others," so said he to them. And thus they came to erect the stone framework. Therefore, Nacxit completed the appointment of a companion in the sovereignty. and they cried out aloud with joy.

41Then they met those of Mimpokom and Raxchich, at the place called Tzaktzuy. They met all the subjects of the Pokomams. They dance their ballet, but it Is

42without the trappers and their nets. The subjects of Raxchich and Mimpokon gather together; but the seven nations look on at a distance. They sent out the brute Zakbim as a spy; and on our side were summoned the Qoxahil and the Qobakil, magicians, enchanters. On their departure, they were told : " Let us see who are approaching, and if we are to fight." So it was said. Those of Mukchee arrived, but they were in no great number, nor had they come to spy out. The signal was given by Zakbin, while Huntzuy came into line. " Now I see them," they said. " This is really a wonderful thing, a wonderful dance they are making ; there are many under the trees." So spoke they on arriving. Thus said Gagavitz and Zactecauh to their companions : " Let us take up our arms if we are to fight." Immediately all took up their bows -and shields, and thus arrayed showed themselves to the Pokomams. At once terror struck the Pokomams, and ours rushed forth to seize them in their disorder.

43Then they encountered the two, Loch and Xet by name ; tliey encountered them there at the foot of the mountains Cucu and Tzunun. These said when they •i

44were encountered, " Do not kill us, O thou our lord ; we will be the servants of your throne, of your power." So they said, and entered at once as vassals, each one carrying the bows and drums. Going on, a return was made, and they were hindered by some calabash vines, and were ensnared and scattered. Therefore, that place was called Tzaktzuy, and the Ahquehay took it as their sign, that is, those first fathers and ancestors who brought forth the Ahquehay. This is why they took it, it is said, and such is the name of the place. They chose a portion of the tribe, oh you my children, and truly thus it was that our first fatliers and ancestors brought us forth and gave us existence — us, the Cakchiquel people.

45Then they went forth to meet those at the place Oronic Cakhay, and all the warriors of the seven villages arrived. Then spoke Gagavitz and Zactecauh to the Quiche men : " Let us all go to the place. Let us conquer the glory of all the seven villages of Tecpan, let us weaken their hearts ; do thou count their faces, do thou stand here at the place Cakhay ; I shall enter the place Cakhay; I shall conquer them*; their heart shall be weakened ; there, in the place, they shall be conquered, where they never before were conquered." Thus they spake when they ordered the slaughter, when they were in Cakhay ; then it began with all of them in the place, and their hearts were weakened. But on account of the defence with water, and the defence with cinders, they could not enter the place, and theirhearts were weakened. Then it was said : " O thou lord, I will give thee the venison and the honey. I am the lord of the venison, the lord of the honey ; but I have not passed because of the cinders," it was said. Thus the venison and the honey were protected by means of the cinders. They went from there to Tunacotzih, " the sounding stone." There Loch and Xet made trial of the bows and drums, and they beat their drums ; therefore the name of that spot is Tunacotzih, " the Drum-beating."

46At this time they met the Cavek under the great pines, at the place called Ximbalxug. They heard the plaint of the doves beneath the great pines ; the enchantment of the Cavek. Gagavitz and Zactecauh said : " Who art thou ? What is that we hear ? " Then said Loch and Xet : " They are our vassals, oh our lord, they obey us." They began to show their burdens ; bird nets, maguey, tools for making shoes, were their burdens — no other burdens, for their houses were of deer skins and hides ; hence they were called Ahquehay. Then they carried the nets to the woods ; they caught doves in them beneath the great pines, and they brought many of these doves caught in the nets, and said : " Oh our lord, do not slay us." " Who art thou ? " was asked. They answered : " We have been ruined by the Quiche men, we your brother, your kinsman, we the Cavek ; they have diminished their regal dignity." -So spoke they, and gave many gifts, they the fathers and ancestors of the Cavek. There were two heroes, Totunay the name of one, Xurcah of the other, the vassals of Cavek Paoh ; they were addressed by Gagavitz : " Thou art the fourth of our tribes, Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cavek, and Cibakihay." Thus he addressed them : " Truly thou art my brother, my kinsman." Thus he spoke to those of Ahquehay : " Thou art counted in my tribe, thy vassalage shows that thou art of our ancient home, no longer art thou a vassal nor carriest the net. The Caveks are received, and form part of our tribe." So spoke of yore our fathers and ancestors, oh my children, and we must not forget the words of these rulers.

47Having arrived at the place, Qhopiytzel, Gagavitz said to Zactecauh : " Let us cross this ravine." " Good," .said he. Gagavitz first crossed, and then Zactecauh wished to cross. But he did not cross, but fell into the ravine. Thus died one of our ancestors, and their pos-

48sessions were divided ; but the other, that is, Gagavitz, brought us forth — us, the Xahila.

49They then arrived at the white hills called Teyocuman, coming there for the second time. There they saw the fire of the mountain called Gagxanul. Truly it was frightful to see the fire coming from the mountain, the fire shooting forth a&r off. No one could say how it could be passed by, as the mountain Gagxanul was on fire for a whole year, after which fire did not come forth. When all the warriors of the seven villages had arrived at the foot of the mountain, no one spoke ; truly, they grieved at heart, nor could one say how the fire could be captured. They could but go on hoping. When he

50Gagavitz, and all the warriors said to him : " Thou our brother, thou hast arrived, thou in whom is our hope. Who will go down to the capture of this fire? Who will descend for us, who are seeking our fortune, oh thou our brother ? " So said all ; and we replied : " Who of you wishes that I shall try my fortune ? He has a heart of a hero, that fears not. I will go first." Thus spoke Gagavitz to them : " You must not fear so soon." Truly, the fire of the mountain was terrible. Then there was one named Zakitzunun, who wished to go with him. " I will go with you," said Zakitzunun, speaking to Gagavitz. Then they were armed and their ornaments put upon them. But the two said together : " There is no use of bows or shields." They laid them aside; they took pointed instruments and dug a trench, and they placed by the water those banana trees called raxah. When these things were in order, they entered first with their heads, then with their necks, then with their arms, with their hands, with their feet, so as to destroy the fire, as they said. Then Gagavitz descended into the fire, while Zakitzunun conducted the water to the fire, and the green grass and maize mixed with the water flowed upon the fire. Truly, it was fearful when it descended into the mountain, when it scattered the fire of the mountain, when the smoke burst forth afar and darkness and night

51entered on the scene. AU who were at the foot of the mountain fied, as they were greatly frightened. Gagavitz remained in the mountain. The day drew to a close, and their courage died in their hearts. The fire was captured, but it was not captured forthem. A few sparlis of the fire descended from the mountain. It reached some, but it did not reach them. Then he came from within the mountain. Truly, his face was terrible when he came from within the mountain Gagxanul. All the warriors of the seven villages said : " Truly his power, his knowledge, his glory and his majesty are terrible. He died, and yet he has come down." So said they.

52Therefore, when he had arrived they seated him on the throne, and truly made much of him, and all said : "Oh our brother, you have conquered the fire of the mountain ; you have reduced for us the fire. Ye are two heroes ; one is the first hero, and one follows him. Ye are our heads, our chiefs." So said all the warriors of the seven villages to Gagavitz. Then he said to them: "The heart of the mountain has come as my slave, my captive, oh you my brethren, my kinsmen." When the heart of the mountain is opened, the fire separates from the stone, even the stone called Gak Chog. It is not a green stone, and there are thirteen others with it, and hence comes the dance called " the heart of the mountain Gagxanul." They say this dance is executed violently, with many troops (of dancers), nor can one count those who join the noise.

53They went from there and passed over to Cecic Ynup, as it is called, and they rowed on the lake. There was no ceiba tree rooted in the soil, nor did they go under a ceiba tree, but they went upon the water. Therefore, they called that place Cectc Ynup, " the buried Ceiba." And they passed on to the place called Qalalapacay. There they twined the leaves of the anonas for the royal seat. Therefore, they called tliat place Qalalapacay, " anona garlands." So say our ancestors.

54Then they saw at a disfariipe those called the Caki-

55surprise, when they were not far frbA*'a*.place called Chigalibal. They were pardoned when tlfcy arrived, and

56ors. We are the subjects of your throne and your poWer.! / I swear it before these who are my subjects." Thus • spoke the Ikomagi, and thus their subjects, the Cakixahay and the Qubulahay. Thus did Ikomag submit and save his life. With them the Zotzils brought forth those fathers and elders, the Ahpozotzils named Qulavi Zochoh and Qulavi Qanti. But only their families, not their

57After this they arrived at the place Qakbatzulu, where they met the one named Tolgom. Truly, terror was there, and the place Qakbatzulu trembled. At first all the warriors began to arrive ; but fear was upon them lest they should there meet death. When he (Gagavitz) reached there, all the warriors said : " Thou arrivest, our brother. What is this? Truly it is fearful." So said they; and to "them said our ancestor, Gagavitz: "Who are ye, oh warriors ? Let us look at his face. Can we not fight ? Have we not bows and shields to effect an entrance, oh you who are my brethren ? " So he spoke, and he sent all the warriors to seize Tolgom. Then they said : " What speech is this, oh brother ? Is it not said that a great terror is there? Go thou and see." So said they all. Then he went forth to see Tolgom, and truly he arrived at the place of the terror and where the hill trembled. At once he cried to Tolgom : " Who art thou ? Thou art neither my brother nor my elder. Who art thou ? This very day I shall slay thee." Instantly was Tolgom filled with fear, and he replied : " I am the son of the Mud that Quivers. This is my house

58vach oh oxlahuh chi ahlabal, xti ka ya a muh a galibal,

59I to where I dwell, oh my lord." So he said. "Go forth from here and live elsewhere," was it answered to Tolgom. Then he submitted and was made prisoner, and his body was taken with him. Gagavitz said to the warriors and the seven towns when Tolgom gave himself up: "We have made this spot glorious. Show forth the face of my prisoner, my captive. We will adorn and sacrifice my captive. We will be friends with him and stand in front of him, and thus celebrate the name of this spot, Qakbatzulu, as it is called by a joking people, oh chieftains." Such were the words addressed to all the warriors.

60Therefore, they spoke thus: "Our brother, one child is the first and another the second among us. Hereafter we shall make this appear before the council, we the thirteen warriors. We will give to thee thy canopy, thy royal seat_, thy carpet, thy throne, with power. These shall be called the two children of the Zotzil Tukuches, but thou shall be the first man among the Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils. They shall call thee forth to act ; thou shalt be first among the warriors, thy brothers and thy elders, the Bacah Pok and the Bacah Xahils, They shall name thee equal to any in power and majesty, oh my brother." Thus they said, and his head was hfted above the others, and he was given the power by the Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils, but not by us, the Zotzit Tukuches, nor by our brother and elder, the Bacah Pok and the Bacah Xahil, my children. Our fathers and ancestors said of old : " We have been chosen by the warriors in their great skill and wisdom ; their bows and shields have created us." It was thus that our ancestors were first exalted by overcoming the greatness and the birth of

61Then began the execution of Tolgom. He arrayed himself and entered suddenly. His arms were extended in front of a tree, to be shot with arrows. A dance was begun by all the warriors, while Tolgom began his song. They still danced, when they commenced to shoot their arrows. But not one of the arrows reached the cord ; for

62it was far to the tree where he was shot at, on the hill Qakbatzulu, where they shot at him and where all the arrows fell. At length the arrow of our ancestor Gagavitz was discharged. It passed rapidly over the place named Cheetzulu, and pierced Tolgom. All the warriors then slew him, some arrows piercing him from near and others from afar. The man being thus killed, a great stream of btood came forth behind the tree. His body was cut in pieces and divided among all the seven towns. This gift and this sacrifice of his death were what founded the festival of (the month) Uchum. At that festival all were equal ; there was eating and drinking ; little children were killed by being shot with arrows, their heads being adorned witli elder flowers, as his substitute, as if they were Tolgom, as say our fathers of yore, oh my children. In this manner we obtained power with the Zotzil Tukuches, by knowledge and occult science, by power and majesty ; thus did our fathers and ancestors, we the Cakchiquels, lift our heads above others, nor our ancestors lower their glory and their birth.

63When they were on the hill Qakbatzulu, they threw a part of the body of Tolgom into the lake. Thus began the festival of " throwing the nose of Tolgom." Then, it is said, there was heard a noise in the waters, and at its passage all were terrified when there were these movements in the waters of the lake. Many on these occasions assembled at the spot called " the common baths " (Payanchocol). They practiced many magic arts. Nine zapotes were found at the spot called Chitulul. At that time the warriors began their passage over the lake. Gagavitz followed them with his sister, named Chetehauh. They established themselves, and settled on the point called after the god Abah. A little while after the arrival of Gagavitz, truly a fearful thing took place when he entered the water, having changed himself into Zutzucumatz. It suddenly darkened on the water, a wind rose, and a white cloud rested on the surface, making a circuit of the water in the lake. They desired to remain there ; but it was first necessary to reduce the power of the

64Tzutuhils. All the seven nations looked about and then descended to the water. Those who were there then said to the children of theAhtziqulnahay : " We have scarcely made the circuit of this lake of ours, this sea, oh my brother. But let one-half of the lake be yours, and onehalf of the fruits, of the wild geese, of the crabs, of the fish." Thus he spoke, and the others took counsel : " It is well my brother, that the half of the lake be ours, and a half of thy fruits, of thy wild geese, of thy crabs, of thy fish, a half of thy acorns, and a half of thy bananas be ours, and of all living things you kill in or below the waters." Thus did the Ahtziquinahay reply to them. Then they separated and went away, but soon returned, desiring to obtain wives, for none of them were married, owing to the absence of women ; neither their mothers nor sisters having accompanied them. They said: ■' Where speaks my girl ? Whom shall I take as wife ? Truly, let us go forth and seek where there is said to be a war for hearts." They put on their armor, and were really terrible when they went forth in search of women. The Tzutuhils were frightened, and to them the Cakchiquels said : " Whom shall I take for my woman ? Who has declared war against my heart ? " So they spoke to the Tzutuhil people, to the women of Tzununa. Thereupon the Ahtziquinahay spoke to them : " My lord, my brother, my elder, here indeed is thy maiden, You have divided with us the waters; half of the lake is thine, half is ours." Thus he spoke, and his warriors were afflicted at his words, when the Ahtziquinahay spoke thus in conclusion. Then Gagavitz, our ancestor, said : " Who of you comes to take wives ? It were well that you remain with the organs of women. But I hear thy words, oh my brother ; their victory is by the organs of their women. Remaining, I shall do this." Thus he spoke to the Ahtziquinahays. In this manner, say our elders, the lake was divided, and in this manner our brother and elder remained with the Tzutuhils. None other of ours remained. Our first fathers and ancestors, Gagavitz and Zactecauh, passed on, and went back to the

65darkness and the night. At that time their dawn had not yet come ; but not long after they did this it began to shine. They went upon the mountain Pulchich, and thence they set out. This Is Their Day-Breaking:

66The first who went forth were Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cibakihay and Cavek, who came together. You were the first, oh my house, oh my tribe, to bring about our day-breaking, our ancient nation, some time before the dawn. " Go forth," was said to them. Then they came to the place where their dawn was to be, to the

67bakul, and Pa Cavek and Quehil. There their dawn appeared, there they built houses, there took place the marriage of their chief named Nimahay. The first who buiit houses were those who came first, the Gekaquch, the Cibakihay and the Cavek. The last who arrived was Baqahol, and they had already commenced to build when he arrived. After he had come, Baqahol said to Gekaquch : "1,1 am king, 1 received you." So said he to Gekaquch. At his arrival he had ardently desired the leadership. The others answered him ; " Thou ! no, thou art not our king ; we do not wish you to be our king." So said they to him. Then he showed them a precious stone and said: " I will give you this precious stone carved with four feet, and hands and toes, if I am your chief" So he said. But that suited them not Then he began to build himself a stronghold, and in a little while the labor was completed, for he ardently desired power and coveted it. For this reason his constructions were destroyed by the Chuluc Balam sent by Gagavitz, because Gagavitz liked it not that Baqahol desired the leadership. Therefore the constructions were destroyed by the animals Chuluc Balam when Gagavitz came to the places called Puhuhil and Paraxone. each of which was clothed with changing green. After that he arrived on Pantzic and Paraxone, and on his arrival the day-breaking took place.

68The sun had already risen, said our fathers and ancestors of old ; the dawn had appeared, when were formed the families of Gekaquch, Cibakihay. Cavek and Ahquehay. BaqahoJ had not been well received, as he had forced the families to accept him as their ruler. When he forced them to this, they said ; " I shall not go forth to meet you, Baqahol. Do you not come to say : 'I am the chief. I say it?' And do you not come to I show your precious stone to the eyes of the families? , Have you not called youself the Counselor Baqahol? I And have you not called yourself the head of our I house ? " Thus they spoke ; but those who were with him answered : " No one has said, ' I am the head of f your house. Be thou our ruler," they cried, and thus I he succeeded.

69Immediately they gave him, as their chief, the signs of royalty. They seated him on the seat and royal throne. They washed him in the bath, the painted vessel. They clothed him with the robe, the girdle and green ornaments. He received the colors, the yellow stone, the paint, the red earth, and thus he obtained the [ signs of royalty from the other families and tribes, as said our ancestors, oh my children. Thus was constituted the family by us the ahpop; all the warriors did likewise in the place of their dawn; thus was established the royalty by the families and tribes. They became more numerous in the place where their dawn had , appeared. Three tribes of our nation had seen the dawn I appear, the Zotzils, the Cakchiqucls and the Tukuches. As to the Akahais they were but a little distance from the place when the dawn appeared to the three nations. At the spot called Tohohil the Quiches, saw their dawn, and those of Rabinal saw it shine at the spot Zamaneb, and the Tzutuhils sought to see their dawn at Tzala. But their labors had not been completed by this tribe n the sun arose. They had not as yet finished drawing their lines in Tzala when it rose in the sky. precisely above the place Geletat. It continued to spread its light along its course, and at last set at the place called

70Xepoyom. Immediately the warriors quit those places without finishing their labors, and they all agreed to go and dwell on the borders of the lake. At that time the tribes were filled with terror when the eagle with green plumage passed through the sky, Gucucot, the enchanter, and sadness covered the tribes like a shadow when they heard him pass in the sky. Thus he appeared to the women of Tzununa, of Tzolola, ofAhachel and of Vayza. He soared above the shore and half the people went with him. Tlie Sufferings That They Endured During Their Sojourn Here.

71Truly it was a time of suffering when we came to establish ourselves in our places, said our ancestors of old, oh my children. There was nothing to eat and there was no relish for what had been brought along, nor was there material for clothing. All was lacking; we lived on the bark of trees and we rested our hearts under the shadow of our lances. At that time the people began to prepare the soil for the planting of corn; the woods were cleared and the brush burned, to prepare for the planting. Thus we came to have a little to eat, and we worked in the bark of trees and the maguey. When there was still some food the vultures passed in the air. At first they took a bird; then they ate someof our food, say the people; but none of them remained when they They Took Wzz'es.

72The Tukuches having arrived and settled, .our ancestor Gagavitz married Gomakaa, our first ancestress, who brought us forth — us, the Xahila. Many others also married ; for there had been a stringent prohibition witli regard to marriage ; so that when they went in to bathe, their organs gave way and they spilled their seed. Many were thus prohibited, it is said, and the prohibition was made a second time, because they had carnal rela114 AKKALS OF THE CAKCHIQrELS.

73tions both naturally and unnaturally, as the old traditions

74Then also they began to adore the Demon. On each seventh and thirteenth day an offering was made to him of fresh resin, and freshly gathered green branches and new bark; and also of a cat, the image of night, which were burned before him, To these were added thorns of the gourd tree with which they drew blood from their ears. They had not yet began the worship of the great idol of the ancient Chay Abah. It is said that the worship of the Demon increased with the face of our prosperity. Afterwards the principal idols were set up, as said of yore our father and ancestor Gagavitz, at the

75Pacibaqul, Pacavek and Quehil.

76At that time some of the natives of the places called Cuprlcat and Canalakam, offered combat when they (the Cak.) had arrived before their city. Withdrawing from before the city (our men) entered a very dense woods where tho.se of Cupilcat were destroyed. Others arrived at the spot to continue the battle, and some calling to others, they entered the dense woods, before their city, and then the.se men of Cupilcat and Canalakam were destroyed by our ancestor. There the family of Baqahol began its feme, and the name of the place became celebrated. Ciniahihay and Motzoray. the only two said to have survived, abandoned the place ; and another from Cupilcat came to Quiche and there met his

77Having abandoned Pantzic and Paraxone they arrived at the forest called Chiqohom, and there suffered some deprivations. But they made dwellings in the trees, each choosing a tree and whitewashing its interior with lime obtained from the excrements of eagles and tigers. When they were settled there, they set up the idols of the Demon and Chay Abah ; and in the house

78of the Demon were placed parroquets and parrots. Therefore they called that place Chiqohom. After having lived there awhile, Gagavitz begat two infants, the first named Caynoh, the second Caybatz, both boys.

79At that time the king Gagavitz died, the same who came from Tulan ; his children, our ancestors, Caynoh and Caybatz, were still very young when their father died. They buried him in the same place where their dawn appeared, in Paraxone.

80Thus were the two boys left. Then Gekaquch, Baqahol and Cibakihay arriving, said to them : " We have come ; we are your mothers and sisters ; we are here, we the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil, as we are called ; we are your Galel ; we are your Ahpop." Thus many of them came and spoke, not remembering

81Qhopiytzel. Thus spoke many of our fathers and ancestors, oh my children.

82The first who ruled with glory was Tepeuh, the king of Cauke. . Cuztum and Chixnal were the names of his strongholds. The magic power of Tepeuh inspired terror, he caused the mountain to tremble where he lived, and all the tribes paid tribute to Tepeuh.

83Now these Galel Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil caused these words to be carried by Gekaquch and Baquhol : "The Galel Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil say thus, * Let Caynoh and Caybatz go forth first as our tribute, for as for us, we are the rulers.' " So said they to the clans. And the boys were sent with the message for the clans. IIB ANNALS OF THE CAKCmQUELS-

84Their Interview With Tepeuh.

85Our ancestors Caynoh and Caybatz came to Tepeuh. They entered alone while the Galel Xahil and Ahucham Xahil remained alone without, When they reached the presence of Tepeuh : " Who are you ? " was said to them by Tepeuh. " We are the sons of

86veled greatly when he heard their words : therefore they were strengthened by Tepeuh as they were humble before him.

87They were then sent by Tepeuh to collect the tribute, and they went forth to take the tribute from the tribes. No one of the many people died while they were taking the tribute. Truly all feared the magic power and wisdom of Caynoh and Caybatz. Where they were at night it shone like fire, and there was trembling as of an earthquake. Therefore all the people were in fear when they came among them, and they were given all things by the people when they came to take tribute. Quite to the far East they were paid what they demanded, precious metals and spun stuff as they demanded, by the tribes from whom they took tribute. Mighty were their words. Therefore by these actions they became the sons of Tepeuh, and by them truly they

88Tfiey Are Given Women.

89At length they arrived to collect the tribute from the Ahtziquinahay, who are also descended from our ancestor. They came to where the Ahtziquinahay were with their women, and designating what they desired, they designated metals and spun stuff. When they came, the Ahtziquinahay said (among themselves) : ** Let us make these messengers of Tepeuh our sons-in-law. Truly their magic power is terrible. But we will give them women, and we will take back what they have designated." So they said, and none of the chiefs went

90forth to Caybatz and Caynoh. These were frightened, lest some should come during the night and the treasures they had collected be stolen by the daughters of the chiefs. And indeed, these did come secretly and stole the jar of treasures while {the brothers) slept. They

91them as wives ; Bubatzo was the name of one, Icxiuh of the other. Our ancestors not seeing their treasure were filled with fear. They cried out: "You have indeed, ruined us, oh ye Ahtziquinahay! Tepeuh will be angered against us." They answered: " Be not frightened. We shall give you wives ; you shall be our sons-in-law ; we will do you no evil ; you will go speak to Tepeuh and nothing will be said to you." Then wives were given to them, and they went to speak with Tepeuh. But they did not reach there, they feared to come before Tepeuh ; so they hid themselves in a cavern, and they retired into the cavern. The place where they hid was called by Caynoh Pecparupec {a cave within a cave). The Search For Tliem.

92Then they were sought for by the tribe. " We seek our rulers. Where are they? We are truly afflicted; for we have heard their voices. Neither their mothers nor their fathers wish to leave them! " so spoke Gekaquch, Baqahol, Cavek and Cibakihay concerning Caynoh and Caybatz, At length they searched in the cavern, and those who had spoken met them coming : " We seek you, oh our rulers, and truly we are unhappy," said they. Caynoh and Caybatz answered : " We shall not come if your rulers, the Galel and Ahucham, are not there. Who would be with us ? Are we not humbled if we return before Tepeuh? We shall not come that they may kill us. Let them take these words, that we may go forth and be reconciled with Tepeuh. Then we will come," So said they.and immediately it was carried to the people. A messenger was sent to report to Tepeuh,

93When Tepeuh heard the report he rejoiced, and the Cakchiquels rejoiced, and the Zotzil Tukuches and the Ahtziquinahay rejoiced. Then they went forth to seek our

94The Arrival Again at the Woods Chigokotn.

95Returning, they arrived together, where were their wives. Therefore all the tribes rejoiced on seeing their faces, when they returned. Immediately they caused to be hanged and executed the Galel Xahil and Ahucham Xahil, and all their fame perished with them.

96Then they entered in possession of the royal power. Caynoh was made Ahpop Xahil, and Caybatz was made Ahpop Qamahay. Both were kings, and their words were as one, when they assumed the royal power.

97Caynoh and Caybatz begat sons and daughters. The first had four sons and the second five sons, making nine sons begotten by Caynoh and Caybatz. Terrifying was the fame of the magic power and wisdom of Gaga-

98Then Caynoh and Caybatz spoke thus: "Strong is now our royal power; we hold the rulership from our fathers ; let our two sons partake of our power." So said they. Then a son of Caynoh was placed in po.ssession of power and was made Ahuchan Xahil. and a son of Caybatz was placed on the throne and was made Galel Xahil. Thus we had four rulers, we the Xahila, and our royal power was established in the presence of our

99Death of Caynoh and Caybatz.

100After the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil had taken possession, the kings died. Immediately their posterity succeeded. Two by two they entered into power, and the two sons of the sons of Caynoh received homage

101as Ah pop Xahil and Ahuchan Xahil; the two sons of the chief Caybatz took possession and received the homage of their subjects as Ahpop Qamahay and Galel Xahil. Thus was the monarchy estabhshed during the time of the children of Caynoh and Caybatz, They were our but one mother only and one father only brought us forth, us, the Xahila.

102They received homage, they received presents; for the towns and places were beyond number which were theirs. Then multiplied the daughters and sons of the nine sons begotten by the kings Caynoh and Caybatz. When, however, the king Citan Qatu died, the royal power was split up among our fathers and ancestors; there were then many chiefs and the power was divided,

103There were the sons of Qoxahil and Qobakil. and the children of the Galel Xahil and the Ahuchan Xahil, and the sons of Ahcupilcat, of whom our ancestors had spared life and granted a dwelling place. These made an opposition to the sons of the king Caynoh. The children of Qoxahil and Qobakil having begun to rule, the sons of the Ahuchan Xahil, who had been hanged, opposed the king, and began to rule as Ahuchan.

104Against the Ahpop Qamahay Xahil was the Galel Xahil, son of Ahcupilcat ; also the sons of the Galel Xahil who was with Caynoh and Caybatz and accompanied them to Tepeuh. They had lived in the sovereignty of the Ikomagi, a nation whose name is from their city, their

105At that time they abandoned tlie place where their dawn had appeared and they ail returned to Pantzic and Paraxone; they left Cimahihay, Panche, Chiqohom, Chiavar, and Tzupitagalii, following the valleys of the river.

106The names of the places that they received homage from in this journey are the towns Zahcah, Petze. Utzupa,

107ti tinamit, where the Akahal nation had greatly increased, and where, in the towns of Ochal or Qabouil Civan, the king Ychalcan Chicumcuvat, chief of the Akahals, reigned with majesty.

108Our ancestors then arrived at the town Ochal. They made themselves liked by the Akahals, and founded there four towns. The Akahal nation had not previously been divided ; but at that time they aU made a choice and chose to effect a division of the nation. It was at this time that they abandoned the town of Ochal, which was in the warm district, and sought the highland plain, when the sons of Ychalcan came to Xepakay Seated on the roots, under the shade of a ceiba tree, they ate chile, and had shellfish and fish, as they hked. Then the people of the place, coming above the plain, sought to hang the sons of the king for their temerity; for tliey aimed to surpass the greatness of their father, and for that reason the chiefs wished their death. But these princes, making a night attack, routed the people at Panah, at Chiholom and at Xepakay. under the ceiba tree. The Akahals rejoiced at the arrival of the princes on the plain. In consequence of this event, the Akahals separated, and they left the town of Ochal, and accompanied our ancestors, and estabI lished themselves at Zakiqahol and Nimcakahpec. Here I sliall write

109The names of our ancestors who received the homage and presents of a great number of towns after the death of the king Citan Qatu when our ancestors publicly took the government.

110The chief Citan Qatu ruled, the son of the chief Caynoh, to whom were mystic power and wisdom. Then

111ruled the chief Qotbalcan. The chief Alinam ruled. Next ruled the chief Xttamer Zaquentol. Then followed in power Qhiyoc Queh Ahgug. In his reign the chief and Galel Xahil Xulu Qatu gathered together the Quiche nation, desiring that war should be declared against those who were attacliing Ginona, and were engaged against the town Ginona. For this reason the chief Xuluqatu was sent by the chiefs Chiyocqueh and Ttah ttah Akbal. who then reigned, to say that no mercy should be shown to the chiefs who commanded the forces of the enemy, but that the people should be spared.

112Then the king Qikab said to the chiefs : " Go back again to your town at Chiavar." Thus spoke the king

113Their return to Chiavar.

114It was by command of the king Qikab that our ancestors returned to tlie city of Chiavar and Tzupitagah. All the towns were occupied by the nation, therefore they came with the chiefs when these removed to Chiavar by order of Qikab.

115The chief Xitayul Hax was then reigning. The town of Chiavar was peopled during the reign of Xitayul

116At that time also the chief Xiquitzal had power. They dwelt in the towns of Chiavar and Tzupitagah, The king Qikab ruled with majesty over all the kingdom at the towns Gumarcaah and Izmachi, and all the people paid him tribute.

117For him the thirteen divisions of warriors assembled at Gumarcaah, and they prepared their bows and shields. The tribes, great and small, and all the dwellers in the ravines were conquered, nor did it cost the Quiches

118anything. The thirteen divisions of warriors conquered the towns, and thus was increased the glory of the king

119But half of the chiefs would not listen to the words of our ancestors which had been spoken to them ; they forgot the order which had been given to spare the Zotzii Tukuches, and not to show mercy to the chiefs, and thus they dimmed the royal power.

120Those who were then ruling were Rahamun and Xiquitzal, and among the warriors were our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz. They were famous warriors and made war under the orders of the king Qikab. At that time our ancestor Vukubatz was at Bogoiya and Huntoh was at Xequizche. These men of old, mighty rocks, had gone forth to war, to wage glorious war with those of Chiholom, where reigned the chief Ychal Amullac, ruler of the Akahals. These Obtain The Royalty.

121After these things our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz reigned, seizing the power and majesty. When ' they obtained the royalty, the king Qikab was still reigning, and he had mercy on the Zotzii Tukuches.

122This chief, our ancestor, Vukubatz, had as father Citan Tihax Cablah, who was the son of the king Citan Qatu and Tihax Cablah. The latter let the power pass to our ancestor, and the king Caynoh and the king Citan Qatu thus obtained the power. Our ancestor, summoned by the king Qikab and by all the chiefs and leading men, from all parts, was placed in the royal power, and thus our ancestors Vukubatz and Huntoh were then the two kings.

123When our ancestors had taken possession of the royalty, they settled the towns of Chiavar and Tzupitagah. Truly the king Qikab ruled with great glory when our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz reigned. Those warriors inspired terror, nor were their histories forgotten, and the fame was recalled of our first fathers and ancestors,

124Truly there were magic power and wisdom in our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz ; they assumed glory and majesty. Truly many were the cities and peoples who submitted to them, and over whom they had triumphed with the king Qikab and all the warriors. For this great monarch inspired terror throughout the seven nations, and his warriors carried war in all directions ; and therefore great was the glory of the king Qikab. These are all the towns which they had conquered before the insurrection broke out which the Quiches made against their king Qikab : — The Names Of All The Towns.

125All these towns were conquered by Huntoh and Vukubatz, and by the king Qikab, when our ancestors settled at Chiavar and made that town. Beginning Of The Revolt Against Qikab.

126Then began a revolt against the king Qikab by the Quiche men ; the family of the king was the cause of the contest. The family of the king perished with many of the people. The Quiches would not promise the homage as vassals which he asked of them. They wished that the roads should be free to the Quiche people, which the king would not grant. Therefore many of the people disliked the king and they would not pay him their dues. For this reason the Quiches turned against the king and his glory diminished.

127The two sons of the king were already distinguished. Tatayac was the name of the one, Ah Itza the name of the other. Chituy and Quehnay were the two sons of these princes. These took the part of the Quiches, and the king was thus opposed to his own sons, who incited the people not to pay their dues, already irritated on account of their subjection ; and thus it came that the king was against his own sons. Thus Tatayac and Ahitza were opposed to their father, for they coveted the royal power, and desired the precious stones, the metals, the slaves and people of their father. At this time there was a council of the Quiches against the warriors maintained by the king, and they began to put to death all those of the first rank in the royal service,

128These are the names of those of the royal service:

129Then all the populace and the heads of the tribes assembled together. His people did not assemble around the king that they might not be killed, and the houses of the rulers were entered by the people and the rulers were

130slain by the people; not by order of the king; for the Icing was then in the village of Panpetak. The populace there wished also to kili the king. But the orders of his sons prevailed in the royal house at Panpetak. The king Qikab humbled himself before the people. Therefore the people began again to kill those of the house of Xahil. Again the king humbled himself before the people, trying to appease them with his precious stones and metals. He gave up the power of the rulers to the people and divided with them his royal rights. The heart of the king Qikab was bruised by his sons Tatayac and Ah Itza, by that which they had done. Therefore the royal glory perished at the hands of the people of all the classes, and the thirteen divisions and the powers they held were given up. and the glory of the Quiches was extinguished in the revolt against the orders of the king Qikab. Then perished the ancient glory of the nation, O you my children ; for since then the people acted, and the king is made such by the people. Truly they had then pity for the king, for the thirteen tribes having obtained the power, the contest of the Quiches was ended; but when it was near its end, it suddenly broke out anew among our fathers.

131Then another revolt began against the four leaders — Huntoh.Vukubatz, Chuluc and Xitamal Queh, It was a woman who was the occasion of this revolt with the

132and she caused the revolt. This woman had come to sell bread in the town of Gumarcah, and one of the guards of the Quiche prince had tried to take the bread from her by force ; the woman had refused to give up the bread to the guard, and the man was driven away with a stick by the woman. Then they wished to take and kill the man on account of this woman, Nimapan Xcacauh. Therefore the contest was started by the Quiches; the Quiches wished that the woman should be killed. But

133the woman was not surrendered to the Quiches by our ancestors Huntoh and Vucubatz. The Quiches, therefore, wished to humble these princes, and they wished to make the king Qikab do this. In anger the Quiches called a council and said: "Only the Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils have obtained the glory and the power; let us kill them, for only Huntoh and Vukubatz have glory." Thus did the people speak to our ancestors. They wished to tempt the king Qikab to harass and slay the Zotzil Tukuches. But the king would not listen to the words of the Quiches. Truly the heart of the ruler was with Huntoh and Vukubatz. For truly great was the knowledge of Qikab and marvelous the power of this ruler. Not only was he a king in majesty, but also he overawed by his learning and the depth of his spirit, I derived from Tullan. Therefore when the people saw his wisdom.they sought not to instruct him; they troubled ' H not his majesty nor accepted the words of the king, but I pursued alone the war which they had wished. I the The Orders ivhich were Given to the Rulers.

134Then the king sent his messenger to announce to the rulers that the Quiches had resolved on the death of the Zotzil Tukuches. At the same time he sent to the rulers that they should come during the night, and the king Qikab spoke in these terms to the rulers Huntoh and Vukubatz: " It is neither the beginning nor the end of this war made against us,0 my children. It has been seen what they have done to me. They have robbed me of my slaves, my family, my treasures, my precious metals. They wish to do the same with you. Go forth, therefore, my children, my younger brothers, my elder brothers." Then he gave his orders: "The lot is cast Cease at once from the exercise of a power which you should share with me. Abandon this city to the revolted populace. Let your words no more be heard, my children. Go to where you can establish yourselves, to Ix-

135imche, on the Ratzamut. Build there houses and a city, and construct a road on which all the people may pass and rest. Abandon Chiavar. As for you, people, if you succeed, may my words come to you as a curse." Thus spoke the king Qikab to our ancestors. Then the commands were given to the rulers, and the words of the ling were sent to our ancestors. Nor did the Quiches

136TMs is When they IVeni Forth from Chiavar.

137It was on the 1 3th day of the month Yg that they abandoned the town of Chiavar, when our ancestors were forced to leave Chiavar and Tzupitagah. On the 13th Yg they descended, burning many roads. On the ist Akba! they halted, still burning the roads, which made twice that they burned them, after which they established the town of Iximche, on the Ratzamut; they founded the town of Iximche; then settled there our ancestors Huntoh. Vukubatz, Chuluc and Xitamal Queh, these four rulers, the sovereigns of the Cakchiquel people. As soon as they were settled, they placed themselves in readiness for war with the Quiches, and our ancestors built a stronghold. All the people rejoiced at the establishment of the city by these illustrious heroes, the rulers Huntoh and Vukubatz; for they had fought on the side of the king Qikab. Therefore all the warriors of the seven nations rejoiced. The Quiches could do nothing more, and soon all the cities recovered their power. Messengers of the seven nations came to the Ahpozotzils and the Ahpoxahils, and all the warriors said : " You have done well to leave Chiavar, my brother, my elder; well done, Ahpozotzil and Ahpoxahil; you have done well to come here to Iximche. There was but one brave man with Cavek and the Quiches, there was but one royal heart with them ; but hereafter he will not go to war with the Quiches." Such was the speech of all the seven nations when they came to visit the rulers. All the warriors of the seven nations gave their words, when the

138city of Iximche was founded, that they would separate from the Quiches and would not form an alliance with them. Therefore, my children, when our ancestors founded the city of Iximche, the war of the Quiches against the other. Our ancestors first took the sword in hand. When war was declared against the Quiches by our ancestors Huntoh and Vukubatz, the people of Qizqab had inhabited for a long time the towns of Chakihya and Xivanul. and our people were settled at Xechibohoy and at Xechituh. Soon after the Quiches were established, two of their strongholds were seized by our ancestors; Qizqab having been killed by our ancestors at Xechituh. the Quiches abandoned Chakihya and Xivanul. The Quiches were frightened at seeing the war begin with the death of Qizqab at Xechituh by the orders of the rulers. The Quiches then went down to the streams of those of Xivanul and of Chakihya, which are called at present San Gregorio and Santo Thomas. 85, Then the rulers Huntoh and Vukubatz assigned to the chiefs of the seven nations all their tributaries, that is to say, the people of Popoya. Pancag. Holom, Mixco and Tamyac, all of whom were Pokomams ; as for those on the plains, the subjects of Itziyule, Xeabah and Zakquchabah, the two rulers, Huntoh and Vukubatz, reserved these for themselves. The seven nations and the chiefs were subjected to a tribute. There were four rulers, but the two named Chuluc and Xitamal Queh were not important. Soon afterwards our ancestors were called majesties by all those of the seven nations, at the time that the city of Iximche was founded. Thus disappeared the glory of the Quiches, said our fathers and ancestors, O my children.

139The first who died was the ruler Huntoh; then the ruler Vukubatz died. Our ancestors had enlarged the city when they died.

140Then began to reign the ruler Lahuh Ah, first of the sons of the ruler Huntoh.

141At the same time reigned the ruler Oxlahuh Tzii, oldest son of the king Vukubatz. These are the nine rulers begotten by our ancestor, the chief Cibakihay: — Ximox was the name of the wife of Vukubatz; Oxlahuh Tzii was her eldest son; the chief Cablahuh Balz was the second; Chopena Tohin was the third; Chopena Tziquin Uqa was the fourth. These last two ancestors perished in battle. Chopena Tohin was slain at the place called Tukuru Cakixala. and Panatacat was the spot where fell Chopena Tziquin Uqa. Chopena Queh was the fifth ; Nima Ahin was the sixth; Xavi Ahin was the name of the seventh, and Caok and Qatu were the two others. AH these ancestors of ours were equally illustrious.

142These kings, our ancestors, Oxlahuh tzii, and Lahuh ah, truly they frightened by their bravery, they frightened by their knowledge, for they had not forgotten the words of their fathers and ancestors. The hearts of their subjects were calm when these princes assumed the power, and they exerted autliority and control. They had made many and great wars when the king Lahuh ah died. Then came the king named Cablahuh Tihax, oldest son of the king Lahuh ah; but Oxlahuh tzii continued to reign, Cablahuh Tihax ruling jointly with him. In truth, the glory of these rulers was not fully established until after the death of Qikab, when the magicianruler of Quiche and the Quiches recommenced the war with the and Iztayul, and the Quiches regarded with jealousy the city of Iximche. At that time there occurred a great famine, brought about by great cold, which had destroyed the harvests in the month Uchum, and the harvests were lost through this cold. For this reason, say our ancestors, the food was all consumed. A fugitive Cakchiquel 146 ANNAUS OF THE C\KCmQUELS.

143Informed the Quiches of this, bringing to the Quiches the news of this famine; and this man said: "Truly, it is a great famine, and the people cannot suffer the pains of this hunger." So he said on arriving among the decided on by the Quiches, and destruction was in their

144go. Then took place the defeat at the town of Gumarcaah and the humiliation of all the princes. They brought out their god Tohohil and the people came in crowds; the multitude was innumerable; it was not merely in battahons of eight thousand and sixteen thousand men, but they came by villages and districts. They came in battle array, with their bows, their armor and their weapons, their brilliant plumes, their shining circlets, their head decorated with crowns of gold and precious stones; this was the manner of their coming.

145It was on the day 10th Tzy that occurred the destruction of the Quiches at Iximche; but the news of it had not yet reached our ancestors, Oxiahu tzii and Cablahuh Tihax, when the Quiches came to de.ftroy the Zotzil Tukuches. A fugitive came bearing to the chiefs the news that they were to be slain : " Day after to-morrow they will slay you. Ali the Quiche nation will come to slay and destroy the people of the city, which they will enter by force ; truly their entry will be terrible, for they are many more than eight thousand or sixteen thousand men." Thus spoke this fugitive when he arrived among council and said: "Listen! It is a good thing that we are to measure ourselves against the Quiches." Thus spoke the chiefs. Immediately they sent forth messengers. One division of the people formed and went forth to meet the Quiches, and the inhabitants alone went forth to battle. They went by the main road to the summit

146of the mountain, burning everything on the way. They met in conflict the battalions from Tibaqoy and Raxakan, and closed the road to those of Gaieah, of Pazaki uleuh and Ginoma.

147Then all the men took up their bows, their shields and various weapons, awaiting the arrival of the enemies. The Destruction of the Quiches.

148When the dawn appeared, they (the Quiches) descended from the hiils, the cries and shouts of war broke forth, the banners were displayed ; then were heard the drums, the trumpets and the conches of the combatants. Truly this descent of the Quiches was terrible. They advanced rapidly in rank, and one might see afar off their bands following one another, descending the mountain. They soon reached the banks of the river, the houses by the water. They were followed by the chiefs Tepepul and Iztayul, accompanying the god. Tht-n it was that the battalions met. Truly the encounter was terrible. The cries and the shouts, the noise of the drums, the trumpets and the conches resounded, mingled with the enchantments of the heroes. The Quiches were routed in all directions, not one fought, they were put to flight and delivered over to death, and no one could count their slain. A great number of them were taken prisoners, together with the kings Tepepul and Iztayul, who delivered up their god. Thus the Galel-achi, the Ahpopachi, the grandson and son of the chief jeweler, the treasurer, the secretary and the chief engraver and all the people were put to the sword. The Quiches who by eight thousand or sixteen thousand; so said our fathers and ancestors, O my children. Such were the deeds of the kings Oxlahuh Tzy and Cablahuh Tihax, as also of Vooymox and Rokelbatzin. Thus, and not otherwise, did they make glorious the city of Iximche.

149The Death of the Chief Ychal {Amolac, Lahuh Noh, and Chinancuai).

150Meanwhile the Akahals occupied the towns Holom, Guguhuyu and Qaxqan, having for king Ychal Amollac. Messengers were sent to him by the kings Oxiahuh tzii and Cablahuh Tikax, witli the order that he should come down, and they said : " Let the bravery of the king be made manifest to our ancients, let us measure with him our bows and our shields. The Quiches wished to try their arms against our ravine and our city, and we have dealt with the Quiches. Let us now try this one in war; let the king come and show his valor." Thus did they say and sent this word to Ychal. The heart of the king was soon resolved. " Let it be according to the desire of the Ahpozotzils and Ahpoxahils. I will increase my strength and I will go and show them all my valor, I will go alone; I will see what is the with the descendants of my grandlalher." Thus spoke the king Ychal to the messengers,

151The chiefs rejoiced when the words of Ychal reached them, and the chiefs took counsel in words against Ychal : " It is well that he be hidden from the light, that we disobey not the Demon on account of Ychal." Thus spoke the princes. Then his death was resolved upon by our ancestors — Hunahpu Tzian, Nima-

152Xumak Cham, who were envious of his person on account of the riches that he had, and the height to which he had ' raised his courage.

153Then-the king Ychal went forth, and a great number of distinguished warriors went with the king. He was profound in knowledge, and he left these words to his house : " Whether I return, or whether I do not return, my death is at hand." The king departed, saying these words. When it was known that the king was on

154the road, the people came to carry him on their shoulders. When he heard them he said : " Look to your walls ; look to your lime and your war paint ; be prepared and your arms at hand, that you appear not cast down before the Zotzil Tukuches." Thus he spoke to his warriors, and they returned in midway to their houses and villages. The chief came on the day loth Noh.

155His face was sorrowful as he entered the city of Iximche, where they were consulting of his death. It had been decided upon by the chiefs when he came. At his arrival he was called to the council, but no sooner was he entered than he was slain, and his brave companions with him. His cup bearer was seized as soon as he entered, and was slain, as of the Akahal nation. Thus perished Ychal Amolac at Iximche. These are the names of the warriors who perished with him, all distinguished men : Zoroch, Hukahic, Tameltoh, Huvurahbix, Vailgahol ; thus they were called, these noble men, who went forth to die with him. Thus it came that the city of Holom was conquered, as also the towns of Qaxqan, Ralabalyq, Guguhuyu and Vukucivan, where dwelt many people of the Akahal nation. All the towns finished by yielding to the arms of the kings Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax. Desiring to repeople Xerahapit, the Akahal nation were transferred there, and there they bewailed their dead. The Death of Caoke.

156At Paraxtunya, Belehe gih by name was chief. He had made an alliance with the chief Voocaok, the Ahtziquinahay. Caoke was inclined to war, and war was in his heart. Having built a stronghold with ditches, Belehe gih desired the supreme power. The kings Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax learning these preparations for war, said : " Truly there is an evil mind in the chiefs Ahtziquinahay and Belehe gih. They have turned war toward us, and the chief Caoke has already in his heart

157assumed the supreme power. Let us give them war." So said the chieftains, and from that time the death of Caoke was resolved upon. Warriors set out to slay him. But Caoke was brave, and, far from yielding, thirteen times he descended from his town and for thirteen days endeavored to save his life. Finally the town of

158A question of land was the real cause of the struggle, when the Akahals strove with the Tukuches, because the harvests of the Akahals had been destroyed by the Tukuches. Those who beat the persons injuring the harvests were seized at the point of Chiqib, the place where this took place among those men of old.

159The judges in this affair were the kings Cablahuh Tihax and Oxla5iuh tzy, for the Tukuches ; and for the Akahals, the Tukuche chief called Cay Hunahpu, the head chief Cavek, and the chiefs Qiriayu and Toxqomnoh. One could see in Cay Hunahpu the demeanor of supreme power, and he had many vassals; but the Ahpopzotzils and the Ahpopxahils refused to deliver up to him the Akahals to be slain. For already in his heart Cay Hunahpu had resolved to destroy the Akahals. For this reason there was a revolt against Cablahuh Tihax and Oxlahuh tzy, by the instigation of Cay Hunahpu ; for this chief disliked the Ahpopzotzil and the Ahpopxahil, and would have liked to rule alone. Thus the revolt spread among the chiefs. The chief Cay Hunahpu desired the revolt; for this chief Cay Hunahpu had resolved in his heart the revolt, and he could not be satisfied until he had forced the kings Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax to humble themselves that he might become great. Then these princes did humble themselves, that there should not be a conflict between their people,

160and they grieved deeply. Thus did Cay Hunahpu frighten these two kings ; but he could not be satisfied without

161loi. The day of the revolt was appointed by this chief, Cay Hunahpu, and on this day, i ith Ah, the revolt broke out. Then the Tukuches were drawn out of the city, to the other side of the river, and all the Tukuche warriors went there also, that they might enter the city ; but the warriors of the kings Cablahuh Tihax and Oxlahuh tzy opposed them. One division of warriors was enough to drive them off. encouraged by the words of the kings, a division from Xechipeken ; and these of Xechipeken, with their ruler the counselor Cinahitoh, distinguished themselves by their bravery. The Destruction of the Tukuches, who were, in

162I02. When the dawn appeared on the day nth Ah, the Tukuches began on the opposite side from the city, and the drums and trumpets of the chief Cay Hunahpu were heard. Then the warriors armed, and displayed their brilliant feathers and shining banners, and gold and precious stones. Then it began on the other side of the river, and truly it was terrible for the number of the Tukuches, who could not be counted by eight thousands nor by sixteen thousands. The battle began before the city, at the end of the bridge where Chucuybatzin, placed at the head of the struggle by the Tukuches, had brought the fighting. There were four women who had armed themselves with lances and bows, and taken part in the battle, fully equal to four young men. The arrows launched by these heroines struck the very mat of Chucuybatzin. Truly it was a terrible revolt which the chiefs made of old. The chiefs of the battle afterwards set up the images of these women before the buildings of the Zotzils and the Xahils, whence these women had gone forth. As they departed, there suddenly appeared

163a division in the high road near the deep trenches. It rapidly scattered the warriors of Tibaqoy and Raxakan on the high road. Only two of the men fell in this encounter, and he who led them beyond the city to prolong the combat was the same who had gained the previous victory, the counselor Cinahitoh of Xechipeken.

164Then began a general attack on theTukuches; they were cut to pieces at once; no one resisted; the rout was complete; men, women and children were given up to slaughter. The chief Cay Hunahpu was slain; the chiefs Tziriniyu and Toxqom Noh all perished, as well as their fathers and children. Immediately those of Tibaqoy and Raxakan retired, partly to Quiche, partly among the Tzutuhils. They mingled with their subjects and were thus dispersed. Such was the destruction of the Tukuches, in old times, O my children. It was our ancestors Oxlahuh tzy and Cablahuh Tihax who, on the day nth Ah, undertook and accomplished the dispersion of the Tukuches.

165Thirty-one days after the revolt, as the Quiches desired to destroy those of Tibaqoy, these Tukuches removed to Chiavar and put to death the Quiches, who yielded in a battle at a place named Yaxontzui, on the day 9th Caok.

166On the 36th day after the revolt Cinahitoh perished, because he coveted the position of the orator Ahmoxnay. Cinahitoh wished to exercise the power alone, above the chieftains, therefore Cinahitoh was condemned by all the chiefs, and his death was carried into effect in the city on the day nth Can.

167One year less ten days after the revolt was hanged the chief orator Ahmoxnay on the day nth Akbal. This chief perished because he had stopped the messengers of the ruler.

168The day 8 Ah was one year after the Revolt.

169It was not much less than two years after the defeat of the Tukuches, when the Tzutuhils were defeated at Zakcab on the day 1st Ahmak. The Tzutuhils were cut to pieces and their rulers Nahtihay and Ahqibihay were slain. Only Vookaok, the Ahtziquinahay, could not be conquered, and he tried his fortune against the The day 5 Ah was two years after the Revolt. The day 2 Ah was three years after the Revolt.

170On the day 3 Queh there was a revolt in Quiche. The Tukuches went to take part, and joined in the revolt in Quiche. The day 12 Ah completed the fourth year after the

171During the fifth year those of Mixco were put to death ; being tributaries of the king Cablahuh Tihax, they wished to make themselves independent. On the day 7 Camay, the town of Mixco was taken and its inhabitants slain by the chiefs. no. At the same time were put to death the Yaquis of Xivico, because they had taken part with the king Vookaok, Chief of the Akahals, this nation of the Akahals having begun to lift itself before the town, desiring to obtain power. III. Six days were wanting to complete five years from the revolt when the Akahals were cut in pieces before the town, with their king, because they wished to be independent of the town.

172The 9 Ah completed the fifth year after the Revolt. The 6 Ah completed the sixth year after the Revolt On the 3 Ah there were seven years from the Revolt.

173In the eighth year after the revolt, the Tzutuhils were defeated by those of Xeynup and Xepalica ; they were slaughtered, Zakbin and Ahmak having perished in the action on the day 1 3 Ahmak. On the day 1 3 Ah there were eight years from the re-

174On 10 Ah there were nine years from the revolt.

175Twelve days were lacking to complete the tenth shields on account of the king our ancestor, Oxlahuh tzy ; for truly he showed great power in making all the seven nations come to Iximche, which he did on the day

176The day 7 Ah completed the tenth year after the Re-

177On 4 Ah there were eleven years from the Revolt. On I Ah there were twelve years. On 1 1 Ah there were thirteen years from the revolt (of the Ahpozotzils).

178On the day 13 Tziquin died the princess Vooqueh who had married Lahuh Tihax, son of Qikab. Little was lacking to complete the fourteenth year after the Revolt when the king our ancestor Oxlahuh tzy also died. He died on the day 1 3 Ahmak. Truly this king had made himself feared by his power ; never was his power

179or his grandeur diminished ; he undertook many wars and conquered many cities. These are the children he

180Hunyg was the name of his first son, and he obtained the power when the king Oxlahuh tzy his father died, and all four of the tribes gave their consent that Hunyg should be chief Vakaki Ahmak was the name of the second son ; Noh was the third ; Beleheqat the fourth ; Imox the fifth , Maku Xguhay was the name of the queen, wife of the king Oxlahuh tzy. She had three children, oldest of whom was the king Hunyg. He had also two other wives, each of whom was mother of part of the children of the king ; and the mother of the king (Hunyg) had also Beleheqat. The day 8 Ah completed the 14th year after the Re-

18116. Then died the king Cablahuh Tihax ; this king died on the day 4 Ey. The day 5 Ah completed the 15 th year after the re-

182Then began also to reign the king Lahuh Noh, eldest son of the king Cablahuh Tihax. At this time the Yaquis of Culuacan were received by the kings Hunyg and Lahuh Noh. The Yaquis arrived on the day I Toh, sent by the king Modeczumatzin, king of the Mexicans.

183And we ourselves saw these Yaquis of Culuacan when they arrived ; and they came in old times in great number, these Yaquis, O my children, during the reign of our ancestor Hunyg and Lahuh Noh. The day 2 Ah completed the i6th year after the Re-

184During the year the war broke out afresh with the Quiches. On the day 8 Ganel Quiche was entered and taken when Hunyg our ancestor was ruling, a great counselor and ancient man, when the war entered Quiche, O my children. Those who began this war at Quiche were the old men, the counselor Balam, the counselor Ygich, and the noble Qatu ; and many Quiches perished through

185quire their power. The day 12 Ah completed the 17th year after the Re-

186The day 9 Ah completed the i8th year after the Re-

18720. During this year the beasts and doves came out of the forests, and on the day 3 Caok the doves passed over the city of Iximche, and truly it was terrifying to see the beasts.

188One hundred days after the doves had been seen to come from the woods, the locusts came. It was on the day 2 Yg that they passed over the city, and really it was terrifying to see them pass.

189About that time nine persons perished in a fire at Iximche ; on the day 4 Camey the city was injured by fire. The king Hunyg was at the time absent on the other side of the river ; our fathers and ancestors were also absent. But when the city burned, we saw it all, we, my children.

190The day 8 Ah completed the 19th year after the Re-

191During the year the Quiche men were destroyed near the river of the Tzotzils, by our ancestors ; a great number of other principal men were conquered when this war occurred.

192The Quiches were again beaten and suffered loss at Mukche, because they entered there. A great number of their principal counselors and nobles were lost ; many were put to death slowly, and many were taken prisoners by our ancestors. The day 3 Ah completed one cycle after the death of the revolted Tukuches. With the day 13 Ah, another year was completed.

193During this year they took up their shields on the Cakhay on account of the king Lahuh Noh. On the day 8 Ganel the fortress was occupied and truly the chiefs made their great power felt. All those of the seven nations came with Hunyg and Lahuh Noh, to make war, and it was also made by the ancients, the Counselor Balam and the Galel-achi Qatu. A second year was completed on the day 10 Ah, after the Revolt.

194During this year the Quiches were again de- • feated by our fathers and ancestors. The battle was gained by the arms and the bravery of those of

19527. In the course of the fifth year the pestilence began, O my children. First there was a cough, then the blood was corrupted, and the urine became yellow. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible. The Chief Vakaki Ahmak died, and we ourselves were plunged in great darkness and great grief, our fathers and ancestors having contracted the plague, O my children. On the day i Ah there were one cycle and 5 years from the Revolt, and the pestilence spread.

196In this year the pestilence spread, and then died our ancestor Diego Juan. On the day 5 Ah war was carried to Panatacat by our ancestor, and then began the spread of the pestilence. Truly the number of deaths among the people was terrible, nor did the people escape from the pestilence.

197Forty were seized with the sickness; then died our father and ancestor ; on the day 14 Camey died the king Hunyg, your grandfather.

198But two days afterward died our father, the Counselor Balam, one of the ancients, O my children. The ancients and the fathers died alike, and the stench was such that men died of it alone. Then perished our fethers and ancestors. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines, and the dogs and foxes lived on the bodies of the men. The fear of death destroyed the old people, and the oldest son of the king died at the same time as his young brother. Thus did we become poor, O my children, and thus did we survive, being but a little child — and we were all that remained. Hence the putting aside of our claims.

199The counselor Balam, the oldest son of the king Hunyg, was already distinguished before the face of the chieftains when he died by the great plague.

200Ahmak was the name of the second son. His son is Don Pedro Solis. Tohin was the third. There is no record of him, as he died with the king and our three

201Our father Francisco, the counselor Tzian, was the fourth son.

202Balam was the fifth son; there is no record of him.

203Ahtzalam Hunahpu was the sixth son. He was saved from the plague with our three other ancestors. As for us, we were then little children, and we all escaped, and we saw all the pestilence, O my children. These are the names of our female ancestors : the first wife of king Hunyg was the queen Chuvytzut ; she had three sons, our father, the father of Don Pedro Solis, and Tohin, who left no children. The queen Chuvytzut being dead,

204her place. She was the mother of the Counselor Tzian Balam, and these were her two children.

205A hundred days after the death of the kings Hunyg and Lahuh Noh, there were elected as kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat, on the day i Can. For Belehe Qat alone remained. As for us we were little boys and our elders did not choose any of us. Tzian and Balam, the only other descendants of Hunyg, were also young. Belehe Qat was therefore chosen to rule but only as heir apparent, the orator Baqahol declaring that it was not proper that he should take the supreme rule. The honor

206of the royalty was decreed to Belelie Qat ; but tlie orator Baqahol desired that the real chief should be our ancestor Tzian ; therefore he entered into power. Whai Took Place in the Sixik Year. 13". Twenty days after the chiefs began to rule there was an insurrection against the Ahtziquinahay. It occurred on the day 10 Queh, and the chiefs Ahtziquinahay and Qicihay went to Iximche on account of the revolt, coming to raise soldiers.

207Twelve of the Tzutuhil villages were destroyed by the Tzotzil Tukuches on the day u Ymox and the Tzutuhils were slain. Very many were taken prisoners, Therefore the Tzutuhils in fear of death were made to give up their treasures and the town of Xepoyom was taken. Then returned the chiefs Tepepul Ahtziquinahay and Tzizihay to their homes.

208At that time the people of Xecaka abah, all of whom had been driven forth, were aided by the Cakchiquels. Many Tzutuhils also came to the villages to make war against the Ahtziquinahay, and those of Pacaval, and wished to join forces, their warriors having been provoked by the people of Pacaval. ■ 140. On the day 9 Batz there was slaughter at the rock of Lakam at Chitulul, Not many warriors took part Only the men of Belehe qat and Cahi Ymox were

209On the day i r Ah there were 26 years from the Revolt.

210Then was completed one year since our fathers

211In this year we married your mother, O my chil

212dren, one year after the death of your grandfather. We took her to wife on the day 1 2 Toh. On the day 8 Ah was completed the 7th year from the

213During this year the Quiche war ceased ; the Quiche war ceased on the i ith. On the day 5 Ah was the eighth year of the first cycle. The Arrival of the Castilians at Xetulul.

214It was during this year that the Castilians arrived. Forty-nine years have passed since the Castilians cam& to Xepit and Xetulul. On the day I Ganel the Quiches were destroyed by the Castilians. Tunatiuh Avilantaro, as he was called, conquered all the towns. Their countenances were previously unknown and the people rendered homage to sticks and stones.

215On their arrival at Xelahub, the Quiche nation was routed and destroyed. All of them had hastened there to oppose the Castilians ; and there the Quiche nation was destroyed, in front of Xelahub.

216He then went to the city Gumarcaah, and there came before him the chiefs, the king and the next in rank, and tribute was paid by the Quiches ; and the chiefs suffered many torments from Tunatiuh.

217On the day 4 Qat three chiefs, the king and the next in rank were burned alive by Tunatiuh, nor was the heart of Tunatiuh satisfied with war. Soon a messenger from Tunatiuh came to the chiefs that they should send him warriors : " Let the warriors of the Ahpozotzils and Ahpoxahils come to the slaughter of the Quiches ! "

218So spoke the messenger of Tunatiuh to the chiefs. Immediately the words of Tunatiuh were published, and 400 men went forth to the slaughter of the Quiches ; but they were only those of the city, the other warriors refusing to obey the chiefs. Only three times did the warriors go forth to enforce the tribute on the Quiches; then we also were taken by Tunatiuh, O my children. How TJiey Now Came to Iximche.

219It was on the day i Hunahpu when the Castilians arrived at Iximche with their chief, Tunatiuh. The people went forth to meet Tunatiuh with the chiefs Belehe Qat and Cahi Ymox. Good was the heart of Tunatiuh when he entered the city with the chiefs. There was no fighting and Tunatiuh rejoiced when he entered Iximche. Thus did the Castilians enter of yore, O my children ; but it was a fearful thing when they entered ; their faces were strange, and the chiefs took them for gods. We, even we, your father, saw them when they first set foot in Iximche, at the palace of Tzupam, where Tunatiuh slept. The chief came forth, and truly he frightened the warriors; he came from his chamber and called the rulers : " Why do you make war with me. when I also can make it?" said he. " Not at all. Why should so many warriors find their death ? Do you see any pitfalls among them ? " So replied the chiefs, and he went to the house of the chief Chicbal.

220Then Tunatiuh agreed to join the chiefs in their wars, and the chiefs said to him : — " O thou God, we have two wars, one with the Tzutuhils. one at Panatacat." Thus spake the chiefs. Only five days after, Tunatiuh went forth from the capital. Then the Tzuluhils were conquered by the Castilians. It was the day 7 Carney that the Tzuluhils were destroyed by the Castilians.

221Twenty-five days afterwards Tunatiuh went forth from the capital to Cuzcatan going there to destroy Atacat. On the day 2 Queh, Atacat was slain by the Castilians, with all his warriors. There went with Tunatiuh all his Mexicans to this battle.

222On the day 10 Hunahpu he returned from Cuzcatan. He had been absent only 40 days to make the conquest at Cuzcatan when he returned to the capital. Then Tunatiuh asked for a daughter of one of the chiefs, and she was given to Tunatiuh by the chiefs. A Demand for Money is made.

223Then Tunatiuh began to ask the chiefs for money. He wished that they should give him jars full of precious metals, and even their drinking cups and crowns. Not receiving anything, Tunatiuh became angry and said to the chiefs : *' Why have you not given me the metal ? If you do not bring me the precious metal in all your towns, choose then, for I shall burn you alive and hang you." Thus did he speak to the chiefs.

224Then Tunatiuh cut from three of them the gold ornaments they wore in their ears. The chiefs suffered keenly from this violence, and wept before him. But Tunatiuh was not troubled, and said : " I tell you that I want the gold here within five days. Wo to you if you do not give it. I know my heart.'* So said he to the chiefs. The word was then given. The chiefs gathered together all their metals, those of the parents and children of the king, and all that the chiefs could get from the people.

225While they were gathering the gold for Tunatiuh, a priest of the Demon showed himself: " I am the lightning ; I will destroy the Castilians." So said he to the chiefs. " I will destroy them by fire. When I beat the drum let the chiefs come forth and go to the other

226bank of the river. This I shall do on the day 7 Ahmak." Thus did this priest of the Demon speak to the chiefs. Truly the chiefs thought that they should trust in the words of this man. It was when they were gathering the gold that we went forth. How We went forth from the City.

227The day 7 Ahmak was that of* the going forth. They deserted the city of Iximche on account of the priest of the Demon, and the chiefs left it. " Yes, truly, Tunatiuh shall die," said they. " There is no more war in the heart of Tunatiuh, as he now rejoices in the gold given him." Thus it was that our city was abandoned on the day 7 Ahmak on account of a priest of the Demon, O my children.

228But what the chiefs did was soon known to Tunatiuh. Ten days after we had left the city, war was begun by Tunatiuh. On the day 4 Camey began our destruction. Then began our misery. We scattered in the forests ; all our towns were taken, O my children ; we were slaughtered by Tunatiuh. The Castilians entered the city and they arrived as to a deserted spot. From They made trenches, they dug pitfalls, that the horses might be killed, and war was waged by their men. Many men of the Castilians were slain, and many horses killed in the pitfalls. The Quiches and Tzutuhils were deOnly thus did the Castilians let them live, and only thus were they let live by all the villagers. One hundred and eighty days after the desertion of the city of Iximche was completed the ninth year (of the second cycle). On the day 2 Ah was completed the 29th year after the Revolt.

229During the tenth year the war continued with the Castilians. But the Castilians having received aid in this tenth year at Xepau, carried on the war with such vigor that they destroyed the forces of the nation.

230Tunatiuh then went forth from Xepau, and so harassed us that the people would not come before him. There were lacking one hundred and twenty days to complete two years since we had abandoned the capital, now deserted, when Tunatiuh came there on his march in order to set fire to the city. On the day 4 Camey, two years less six months after the beginning of the war, he set fire to the capital and returned. On the day 12 Ah was completed the 30th year after the Revolt

231In the course of this year we breathed for a little, as did also the kings Cahi Ymox and Belehe Qat They had not lost all hope before the Castilians, and they maintained themselves at Holombalam, O my children.

232One year and twenty days had passed since the places had been made desolate by Tunatiuh, when the Castilians arrived at Chiixot On the day I Caok our slaughter by the Castilians began. They fought with the nation and persisted in war. Death ravaged us again, but the whole country continued to refuse tribute. There was not much lacking of the 31st year after the revolt when they came to Chiixot. On the day 9 Ah was completed the 31st year after the Revolt.

233In the course of the following year, while the Castilians were engaged in war, Chiixot was abandoned. Then Bulbuxyawas occupied by the Castilians. During this year the war was continued, but the whole country refused the tribute.

234The Beginning of the Tribute.

235Three hundred days after Chiixot was taken, began the payment of tribute to the Captain by Chinta Queh. It was here at Tzolola, on the day 6 Tzi, that the tribute began. At that time was bom my son. Diego Pabo Cotanoh. Thou wert born, O my son, on that day, 6 Tzi, on which the tribute began. Deep, indeed, were the sufferings we underwent to escape from the wars, and twice we were on the point of losing our

236On the day 6 Ah was completed the 3 2d year after the

237It was two years less one hundred and twenty days after the beginning of the tribute when died the chief Ahtun cue Tihax. He died on the day 6 Akbal. The chiefs Ahpopzotzil and Ahpopxahil had not yet sub-

238On the day 3 Ah was completed the 33d year.

239In the course of this year the chiefs Ahpopzotzil and Ahpopxahil came before Tunatiuh. For eighty-six days these chiefs had hid in the woods. Not only did they wish to come forth, but their labors and sufferings were known to Tunatiuh, and the memory of these chiefs came to Tunatiuh. On the day 7 Ahmak the chiefs decided to come forth. When they arrived at Paruyaal chay, many chiefs, all the feithers of the chiefs and their sons, and a multitude of people accompanied the chiefs. On the day 8 Noh they reached Panchoy. Then Tunatiuh rejoiced with the chiefs, when their faces were seen again before Tunatiuh. On the day 13 Ah was completed the 36th year after the revolt.

240\I append the translation of the remainder of what J believe

241During this year frightful imposts were leviec they paid gold and silver before the face of Tunatiul

242•: I !. . I j. ; and there were demanded as tribute five hundred mc " f. r and five hundred women to go to the gold washings

243all the people were busy seeking gold. Five hundrc men and five hundred women were also demanded t Tunatiuh to aid in building Pangan for his princely res \y dence. All that, yes, all that, we ourselves witnesse< O my children. |: . On the loth Ah was completed the 35th year after tl:

244Forty days were lacking to complete three yea: ■ ; j from the date of the submission of the kings whe ! ' : Belehe Qat died. He died on the 7th Queh, when en /: ' ployed in washing for gold and silver. As soon as 1: • ■ was dead Tunatiuh set to work to appoint his successo The prince Don Jorge was appointed by the sole con mand of Tunatiuh. There was no council held nc assembly to confirm him. Tunatiuh gave his orders 1 the princes and they obeyed him ; for, truly, he mac himself feared. On the 7th Ah was completed the 36th year after tl

245Three hundred and forty days after the death < Belehe Qat the princes were forced to place Don Jorg in possession of the throne. His father was Don Jua

246Oh the 4th Ah was completed the 37th year after tl:

247In the course of this year the king Cahi Ymo Ahpozotzil withdrew and went to inhabit the capital. H intended to separate from the others, because the tribui had been imposed on all the chiefs, even on the kin himself. On the 1st Ah was completed the 38th year after tl

248During this year Tunatiuh departed for Castile, making new conquests on his road. Thus he destroyed those of Tzutzumpan and of Choloma; and many other towns were destroyed by Tunatiuh. There occurred an unheard of event at Tzutzumpan. I saw Hunahpu tremble a litle while before the prince Mantunalo arrived here. Tunatiuh went to Castile, leaving Tzutzumpan. On the I ith Ah was completed the 39th year after the

249In the course of the year, on the nth Noh, Prince Mantunalo arrived. The prince Mantunalo arrived to relieve the nation from its sufterings ; the washing for gold and silver promptly ceased, and the tribute of young men and women ceased ; the burnings alive and the hangings ceased, and, indeed, all the various acts of violence of the Castilians and the imposts which they had forcibly laid upon us. The roads were once more frequented by travelers when the Prince Mantunalo arrived, as they had been eight years before, when the imposts were first laid upon us, O my children. On the 8th Ah was completed the 40th year after the

250On the 5th Ah was completed the first year of the

251Before the close of the second year of the third cycle, the prince Tunatiuh arrived, landing at Porto Cavayo, When Tunatiuh came back from Castile with the position of commander, each of us went before him to receive him, O my children. It was then that he killed with his sword the Ah-tzib Caok on account of his hneage; it was on the day 1 1 Ahmak that he killed the

252On the day 2 Ah was completed the second year of the third cycle.

253One hundred and twenty days after the death of Ahtzib and of the return of Tunatiuh to Panchoy, the prince Mantunalo departed, leaving Tunatiuh in command. Two hundred and sixty days after his return, Tunatiuh hanged the king Ahpozotzil Cahi Ymox, on

254the day 13 Ganel. They hanged with him Quixavit Caok, by order of Tunatiuh, On the day 12 Ah was completed the third year of the

255Two hundred and eighty days after the execution of the king Ahpozotzil he hanged Chuvy Tziquinu, prince of the city, who had angered him. They hanged him on the day 4 Can at Paxaya. They seized him on the road and executed him secretly. Seventeen other chiefs were hanged at the same time. On the day 4 Ig the chief Chicbal, who had caused the death of Chuvy Tziquinu, was hanged in his turn, and with him Nimabah and Quehchun. Meanwhile, Tunatiuh had left for Xuchipillan, appointing as his lieutenant and to see to the hangings, Don Francisco, who attended to them. One hundred days after the prince Chicbal had been hanged, came the news that Tunatiuh had met his death at Xuchipillan. On the day 9 Ah was completed the fourth year of the third cycle after the revolt

256In the course of this year there was a great disaster which destrojed the Castihans at Panchoy. On the day 2 Tihax the waters burst from the mountain Hunahpu, rushing out from the interior of the mountain, and enveloped the Castilians in destruction. The wife of Tunatiuh was then drowned. W/ie}i Our Instruction Began. One hundred and sixty days after this disaster there arrived at our house our fethers of St. Dominic, Brother Pedro Anculo and Brother Juan de Torres. They arrived from Mexico on the day 12 Batz, and we began to receive instruction from our fathers of St. Dominic. Then also appeared the Doctrina in our language. Our fathers. Brother Pedro and Brother Juan were the first who taught us the word of God. Until that time the word and the commandments of God were unknown to us ; we had lived in darkness, for no one had spoken to us of the doctrine of God. There were also the fathers of St. Francis, Father Alamicer and Father Clerico, with those of St. Dominic, who spoke to us. They translated the Doctrina into our language, and we were soon instructed by them. On the day 6 Ah was completed the fifth year of the

257On the day 3 Ah was completed the sixth year of the third cycle after the revolt. On the day 1 3 Ah was completed the seventh year.

258In the course of the year our fathers of St. Dominic separated from those of St Francis, on account of ashes ; the latter went away. Ashes were not given by our Fathers of St. Dominic ; therefore, those of St.

259On the day 10 Ah was completed the 8th year of the

260On the day 7 Ah was completed the 9th year of the third cycle after the revolt.

261In the course of the year the licentiate Don Juan

262TAey Begin to Group the Houses. One hundred and six days after they had really begun to teach us the word of God, then they commenced to gather together the houses in groups, by order of the ruler, Juan Roser, and the people came forth from their caves and ravines. On the day 7 Caok the capital was repeopled, and we were there with all the tribes. On the day 4 Ah was completed the loth year of the third cycle after the revolt. On the day i Ah was completed the i ith year of the third cycle after the revolt.

263In the course of the year the President Cerrado arrived, while the licentiate Pedro Ramirez was still here. When he arrived he condemned the Castilians ; he set free the slaves and prisoners of the Castilians, diminished by one-half the imposts, put an end to forced labor, and obliged the Castilians to pay all for their

264the afflictions of our nation; for I, myself, O my children, was a witness of tlie many miseries which we endured. On the day 1 1 Ah was completed the i2th year of the

265On the day 8 Ah was completed the 1 3th year of the

266In the course of the year died the Ahtzib Juan Perez ; he died on the day 12 Tihax, Eighty days after the death of the Ahtzib, there was an eruption of the mountain Chigag ; it was on the day 9 Ah that the fire appeared in the mountain. On the day s Ah was completed the 14th year of the

267During this year arrived the iron bell; it came from the emperor of Castile ; it reached us on the day 3 Hunahpu, which was on a Friday. Twenty days after the arrival of the iron bell, the licentiate Ramirez tried to kill the prince bishop at Pangan, the governor Cerrado being present. The door of the church was forced by Ramirez. This took place on a day 2 Can, on a Thursday. One hundred and sixty days after these leaders had come to blows at Pangan, all our fathers of St

268t 181. During the course of this year arrived the PresiL dent Doctor Quexata; it wds on a day 2 Hunahpu that

269were celebrating the feast of the circumcision. The governor Cerrado was here when he arrived. When the Doctor Quexata had almost arrived, the President Cerrado died. There was but little between them. Then the Doctor Quexata died. He did not condemn any one, because he had no time. But the ruler Cerrado condemned (the Castilians), for he did what was right. About the same time died the chief Don Francisco Ahpozotzil ; it was on the day i Can. a Monday, the 14th day of the month October, that he died. It was in this year that he died that the nativity of our Saviour Jesus Christ came on the day i Batz. On the day 9 Ah was completed the 17th year of the

270Forty days after the death of the chief Don Francisco, died our Father Fray Domingo de Vico in Acalan, Truly, with great tortures was he put to death by the tribe. Twenty days after the death of our father in Acalan, Father Fray Francisco de la Para was exiled by the bishop and the ruler Ramirez, This took place on Easter day. On the day 6 Ah was completed the 18th year of the

27183. At this time died Alonzo de Pazon.the day 1 2 Ganel. In the 13th month of the year, the day of Sanctiago at Pangan occurred on the day 1 Tziquin, On that day the Castilians at Pangan had great rejoicings, because on that day was inaugurated as supreme monarch over in Castile the Emperor Don Peliphe. There were then three rulers, the Prince Ramirez, the Doctor Mercia and Louaisa. They held court at Panchoy. In the 14th month of the year, after this day of Sanctiago, there came an order from Ramirez. He imposed a tribute on members of the nobility among the people. He also made provision for the surplusage of the tribute. There had never been a surplus under the chiefs; it was known to be stolen, but no one knew by whom. The maize tax was reduced and that of roast fowls, and none of the chiefs could steal anything from the surplus. This order of Ramirez was promulgated on the day of St Francis, a Monday, the day 7 Carney. Twenty days after the promulgation of the order of Ramirez, the Book of the Doctrina was published, on the day of Saints, a Monday; but many would not accept the Doctrina, but refused it. On the day 3 Ah was completed the 19th year of the third cycle after the revolt

272The Alcaldes in the year 1557 were Don Juan Juarez and Don Francisco Pez. In the course of the year an incursion was made to destroy the Lacantuns. It was on the day 5 Ey that the ruler Ramirez sallied forth as general, and Don Martin went also as general, twenty days before the close of the

273Don Juan Juarez and Francisco Pez Martin were chosen as Alcaldes, to issue orders. {Note by a later writer: These were the first Alcaldes, and with them began the elections.) On the day 1 3 Ah was completed the third cycle since the Revolt was made. The third cycle was completed in the year 1558.

274When we were in the eleventh month of the year, a President Royal arrived, on the day 3 Qat. When he arrived at Pangan on i Akbal, Don Diego Pez was inaugurated as chief by the ruler Ramirez. Six months after the arrival of the President at Pangan, began here again the pestilence which had formerly raged among the people. It came from a distance. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families bowed their heads before it. The people were seized with a chill and then a fever; blood issued from the nose ; there was a cough, and the throat and nose were swollen, both in the lesser and the greater pestilence. All here were soon attacked. These maladies began, O my children, on the day of the Circumcision, a Monday, and as I was writing, we also were attacked with the disease. Diego Ernandez Xahil and Francisco Ernandez Galel Bagahol were Alcaldes in the year 1559. The first year of the fourth cycle since the revolt was completed on the day 10 Ah.